Reading, Massachusetts was incorporated in 1644 and named after Reading, England. Originally, the town covered areas now known as Wakefield and North Reading. The Parker Tavern, built in 1694 on Washington Street, is a local landmark and the oldest building in town and has long served as an inn and meeting place.

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In the early 1800s, Reading's economy was shaped by cottage industries where local families produced goods in small workshops on their properties. Examples include the Smith Shoe Shop (built in 1845). By the mid-19th century, it featured major factories and workshops including Samuel Pierce’s organ pipe factory (est. 1847), Daniel Pratt’s clock factory, Sylvester Harnden’s furniture shop, as well as producers of neckties and caskets.

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At the start of the 20th century, Reading's economy shifted away from heavy manufacturing as Massachusetts industries relocated to more affordable areas. Post-World War II, new highways and Route 128 transformed Reading into a residential center for Boston professionals. Downtown adapted with local stores like the Richmond Block and the region's first Stop & Shop. The town's economy moved toward services and education, with its workforce largely commuting to tech and financial sectors in Greater Boston.

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Reading remains a well-educated bedroom community, with 65% of residents holding at least a bachelor’s degree. Its economy consists of service businesses, professional firms, and transit-oriented development. The city's Economic Development Department supports historical preservation, downtown growth, and private investment.